Subject: schola heavy cavalry
Culture: Frankish
Setting: Carolingian empire, western Europe 8th-9thc
Object: spear
* Higgins Armory Museum > World of Knights
"'Winged' spearhead, about 700-1000
Probably Carolingian (France or Germany) Iron Weight: 14 oz." ...
* Metropolitan Museum of Art > Stone Gallery of Arms and Armor
"Spearhead Iron Nothern Europe, Carolingian, 9th to 10th century
Large spearheads of this type were used both for hunting and warfare from the 8th century through the Middle Ages. The German name for this type, Flügellanze, literally means 'winged spear,' and refers to the two protruding flukes, or 'wings,' at the base of the socket." ...
* Royal Ontario Museum > Arms and Armor
"Fer de lance franc Fer. VIIe s. ou plus tard. ... Les guerriers germaniques se servaient principalement de deux sortes de lances: la lance de jet et la lance d'estoc, laquelle était toujours gardée dans la main. Les fers de lance de cette époque qui ont été retrouvés ne permettent pas de faire la distinction entre ces deux sortes de lances. Quand l'empereur Charlemagne (768-814) réorganisa le système militaire des Francs et que la cavalerie lourde remplaça l'infanterie, la lance d'estoc fut à l'origine de celle du guerrier à cheval."
* Royal Armouries Museum > War
"Winged spearhead These winged spears are associated with the heavy cavalry which became a major part of the Frankish armies from the establishment of the Carolingian Empire. The development of the Norman armies from infantry to cavalry was in imitation of the Franks.
Frankish, 9th century." ....
