Subject: irregular armored cavalryman

Culture: Turco-Iranian

Setting: civil war, Zand-Qajar Persia mid-late 18thc

Object: spears

Lance

* Persian arms and armour 2000 p66

"Neze[:] This is a straight lance with a head about 12-80 cm long. It could be triangular or quadrate, sometimes flat and wide. Some interesting specimens of double flukes which are presumably of Persian origin are on display in the Topkapi museum."

* Edgerton 1995 p143

"The spear heads are long and thin. They are frequently for ornamental purposes made with two or three prongs, and general have a slighter shaft, and lighter appearance than the Indian."

* Persian arms and armour 2000 p67

"The mezraq is a combat fork of Persian origin. The do not appear on Persian miniatures, so it is presumed that they were rarely used. Persian forks usually have two or three wavy blades and are usually reinforced with a point. They are usually made from bulat steel and are decorated with a damascened ornament at the mount. In most of the preserved specimens, the method of decoration indicates that they come either from the 18th century or from the beginning of the 19th century. It is possible that forks like these were not used in earlier periods."

Javelin

* Persian arms and armour 2000 p67

"Senan, jerid, khisht neze (javelins)[:] These names refer to javelins about 75-90 cm long, made completely from steel with handles covered with velvet. They also haev short heads and ailerons. They were carried in cases, in sets of two or three and were used for short distance throwing. They were widely used in Turkey and also appeared in Iran and Moghul India."

* Edgerton 1995 p143

"The javelins in this group are carried in sheaths which hold two or three."

* Bennett 1998 p165

"jarid Persian term for a set of short javelins, usually carried in a quiver by cavalry."